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WB Approves $1.5B Green Bond for India’s Low Carbon Energy Transition

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India has secured $1.5 billion from the World Bank to accelerate its low carbon energy transition.

The operation is funded by a $1.46 billion loan from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and a $31.5 million credit from the International Development Association. It is in line with India’s energy security and the Bank’s Hydrogen for Development (H4D) Partnership.

Reforms:

The operation’s reforms are projected to generate at least 450,000 metric tons of green hydrogen and 1,500 MW of electrolyzers annually from FY25/26 onwards. The operation will boost renewable energy capacity, reduce emissions by 50 million tons annually, and develop a national carbon credit market.

They support reforms to increase renewable energy penetration in India, including incentivizing battery energy storage solutions and amending the Indian Electricity Grid Code.

Low-Carbon Energy Programmatic Development Policy Operation 1:

It must be noted that the First $6 billion in sovereign green bonds Low-Carbon Energy Programmatic Development Policy Operation initiated in June 2023, to advance support for policy action to:

• scale up renewable energy supply
• reducing costs
• improve grid integration
• stimulate private financing
• address viability funding gaps
• reduce off-taker risks
• stimulate demand for renewable energy.

This will help India reach its committed 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030. The government plans to issue bids for 50 GW of renewable energy each year from FY23-24 to FY27-28, which will avoid carbon emissions of 40 million tons per annum by 2026, WB had said in a prior statement.

WB notes:

“The World Bank is pleased to continue supporting India’s low-carbon development strategy which will help achieve the country’s net-zero target while creating clean energy jobs in the private sector,” said Auguste Tano Kouame, Country Director, India, World Bank.

“India has taken bold action to develop a domestic market for green hydrogen, underpinned by rapidly expanding renewable energy capacity. The first tenders under the National Green Hydrogen Mission’s incentive scheme have demonstrated significant private sector interest,” said Aurélien Kruse, Xiaodong Wang, and Surbhi Goyal, Team Leaders for the operation. “The operation is helping in scaling up investments in green hydrogen and in renewable energy infrastructure. This will contribute towards India’s journey for achieving its Nationally Determined Contributions targets.”


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Mindspace REIT Secures Rs 650-crore SLL bond from IFC

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Mindspace Business Parks REIT has secured a Rs 650 crore sustainability-linked bond from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the private sector arm of the World Bank Group, the company announced said.

The coupon of the 7-year bond is linked to Mindspace’s commitment to achieve certain ESG targets towards building a greener eco-system.

“We are thrilled to announce another significant milestone in our sustainability journey as we become the first Indian REIT to issue sustainability-linked bonds. International Finance Corporation fully subscribed to this issuance. This follows our maiden green bond issue in March 2023. Post this issuance our cumulative green/sustainability-linked financing now stands at Rs 1,860 crore, strengthening our commitment to responsible growth,” Ramesh Nair, CEO, Mindspace Business Parks REIT, said.

It must be noted that the company has aligned its ESG strategy to 10 out of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Some of the ESG targets include reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, increasing the share of green certified area for existing buildings (under operations and maintenance), and reduction in energy intensity.


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What Is Fueling India’s EV Growth?

Sonal Desai


According to Motor Intelligence, the size of the Indian electric vehicle (EV) market is projected to be $34.8 billion in 2024 and is anticipated to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.92% to reach $120 billion by 2030.

Based on speed, the market is divided into three segments, according to Custom Market Insights: less than 100 mph, 100 to 125 mph, and more than 125 mph. With a market share of 45% in 2022, less than 100 mph dominated the market and is predicted to continue to do so throughout the forecast period of 2024–2032, significantly influencing the EV market.

EVs have a bright future in India:

India’s EV sales are still quite low, the report notes. China’s market may have reached a certain level of maturity, but the elimination or reduction of some subsidies in China, Europe, and India has hurt the country’s chances of making more sales in the future.

All these factors, including new emissions regulations like those proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency, a resurgence of interest in the commercial fleet market, and recent price reductions for many EV models, should continue to drive growth.

Moreover, targeted legislative incentives are providing the growth impetus.

So, what is changing in India?

EV sales will be able to continue growing at their current rates, especially in Europe. However, it seems that things are going differently in Developing economies and emerging markets (EMDEs). For instance, companies like Exicom in India are starting to look to the capital markets to finance their expansion into electric vehicles. Announcements of new capital projects and increased capacity for battery production are positive indicators for the global industry.

Concessional financing has aided in the development of mass transit public transportation in EMDE areas. Examples of these projects include Senegal’s all-electric Bus Rapid Transit system, which is partially funded by the World Bank, and India’s deployment of 50,000 electric buses along with charging infrastructure.

By 2030, India wants to sell 30% of its cars as electric vehicles. The Indian government has introduced various schemes, including grants and subsidies, to stimulate the development of alternative fuel infrastructure and spur the expansion of charging stations. Two of these stand out:

i. Duty Reduction for EV Imports: Under the new regulations, vehicles with a minimum CIF value of $35,000 and above will only pay 15% of customs duty. The program will be in effect for five years, provided the manufacturer establishes domestic facilities within three years of going on sale.

ii. After the successful launch of FAME 2, the Indian government is expected to unveil the Rs 10,000 crore FAME 3 scheme within the first 100 days of its tenure. The program will be similar to FAME 2, which came to an end in March 2024, and will offer financial incentives for government-owned buses, three-wheelers, and electric two-wheelers.

The global scenario:

A new World Energy Investment report states that because of the recent drop in battery prices and the ongoing price wars among EV manufacturers as they fight for market share, the transportation industry may grow even slower than in the past.

EV sales in certain significant EMDE are poised to soar due to the arrival of Chinese manufacturers in Latin America and the expansion of the EV industry in India. Policies like the US Inflation Reduction Act and Europe’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism that aim to onshoring manufacturing capacity should lead to an increase in spending on EV production outside of China.


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Global Carbon Pricing Revenues Top $100 Billion

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In 2023, carbon pricing revenues reached a record $104 billion, according to the World Bank’s annual “State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2024” report.

Key findings:

Large middle-income countries including Brazil, India, Chile, Colombia, and Türkiye are making strides in carbon pricing implementation.

While traditional sectors like power and industry continue to dominate, carbon pricing is increasingly being considered in new sectors such as aviation, shipping, and waste.

Currently in a transitional phase, the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, or CBAM is also encouraging governments to consider carbon pricing for sectors such as iron and steel, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, and electricity.

The India story:

India legalized a carbon market in 2022, establishing an ETS based on existing energy efficiency schemes in emission-intensive sectors, potentially evolving into a compliant carbon market.

Countries like India, Indonesia, Morocco, Türkiye, Ukraine, Uruguay, and the Western Balkans are implementing or considering direct carbon pricing to reduce compliance costs and capture EU revenue.

Government crediting mechanisms have been launched in five jurisdictions since 2023, bringing the total to 35 globally. 11 jurisdictions are considering carbon crediting mechanisms, including India revising its carbon pricing plans and Thailand upgrading its domestic crediting mechanism to Premium T-VER for international buyers.

Overestimation of cookstove impacts underscores need for accurate assessment methodologies. China and India remain largest host countries, but issuance volumes decrease 40% annually.

Carbon taxes and emissions trading systems currently cover 24% of global emissions, with significant progress in middle-income countries like Brazil, India, and Turkey. These countries recognize the need for climate action and the role of carbon pricing in climate mitigation strategies.

New carbon credit sources are emerging, and middle-income countries are integrating crediting frameworks into their policies. China, the EU, India, and Vietnam are relaunching their schemes, with voluntary action accounting for most demand, while compliance demand is slowly building.

Challenges:

Despite record revenues and growth, global carbon price coverage and levels remain too low to meet the Paris Agreement goals.

Currently, less than 1% of global greenhouse emissions are covered by a direct carbon price at or above the range recommended by the High-level Commission on Carbon Prices to limit temperature rise to below 2ºC.

The Paris Agreement’s temperature goals require urgent action to align mitigation efforts with cost-effective policies like carbon pricing. Implemented carbon taxes and emissions trading systems cover a quarter of global emissions, with revenue exceeding $100 billion in 2023.

The report notes that closing the implementation gap between countries’ climate commitments and policies will require much greater political commitment.

However, concerns over market integrity persist, leading to declining market activity and a growing pool of non-retired credits.

Data:

There are now 75 carbon pricing instruments in operation worldwide. Over half of the collected revenue was used to fund climate and nature-related programs.

When the first report was released, carbon taxes and Emission Trading Systems (ETS) covered only 7% of the world’s emissions. According to the 2024 report, 24% of global emissions are now covered.

“Carbon pricing can be one of the most powerful tools to help countries reduce emissions. That’s why it is good to see these instruments expand to new sectors, become more adaptable and complement other measures,” said Axel van Trotsenburg, World Bank Senior Managing Director. “This report can help expand the knowledge base for policymakers to understand what is working and why both coverage and pricing need to go up for emissions to go down.”

The way forward:

Governments are also increasingly using carbon crediting frameworks to attract more finance through voluntary carbon markets and facilitate participation in international compliance markets.


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India a primary source of GHG Emissions in Agrifood System

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India’s farm-gate emissions are the highest component of agrifood system greenhouse gas emissions, according to a new World Bank report.

The report titled “Recipe for a Liveable Planet: Achieving Net Zero Emissions in the Agrifood System” notes that collaborative efforts among governments, businesses, citizens, and international organizations will give the world the best chance to meet the Paris Agreement’s emissions targets.

The India story:

India’s farm-gate emissions are the highest component of agrifood system greenhouse gas emissions, while Brazil and Indonesia primarily source emissions from land use change.

Transitioning to a low-emissions agrifood system faces political and cultural challenges due to political and electoral weight in food and agriculture policies.

The East Asia and Pacific region have the largest regional share of emissions, with low per capita emissions. Lowering agrifood emissions will have varying impacts on jobs globally, with the greatest impact in Latin American countries (LICs).

Countries like Brazil, China, Indonesia, and the United States have the greatest cost-effective mitigation potential among High-Income Countries (HICs).

Renewable energy adoption in the agri-food sector can significantly reduce emissions, with India leading the adoption of solar-powered irrigation systems.

India’s vegetarian diets help mitigate its GHG emissions, and consumer-driven efforts to promote low-emission diets are important, the report states.

Global trends:

Globally, the agrifood system is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, with an average of 16 billion metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year.

The Recipe for a Liveable Planet framework aims to reduce the agrifood system’s contribution to climate change by cutting almost one-third of the world s greenhouse gas emissions through affordable and readily available actions.

The report emphasizes the need for mitigation action in developing and high-income countries, including a food systems approach and a net-zero emissions target by 2050.

High-income countries can play a crucial role in reducing emissions by promoting renewable energy, providing financial and technical support, and reducing consumer eemand for emissions-intensive foods.

Middle-income countries have great opportunities to cut agrifood emissions through land use, sustainable soil management, and climate-smart agriculture techniques.


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Blue Economy: The Next Multiplier of Economic Growth

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The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) in partnership with the World Bank recently released a report “India’s Blue Economy: Pathways for resource-efficient, inclusive, and resilient growth in India.”

The World Bank was the knowledge partner for the project. The report explores international best practices in implementing the Blue Economy, the ocean accounting framework, institutional strengthening, and creative financing mechanisms towards putting the Blue Economy Policy framework into practice.

As long as the Blue Economy strategy prioritizes sustainability and socioeconomic welfare, it has the potential to become the next great driver of economic growth and prosperity. It seeks to protect marine ecosystems and improve the lives of coastal communities, the report observes.

A whole ecosystem of cutting-edge, futuristic, and scientific research on all topics about the Blue Economy—that is, strategic, scientific, political, environmental, and economic interest—will be produced in India as a result of the Blue Economy, the report suggests.

India has a unique maritime position. Its 7,517 km long coastline and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of over two million square km is rich in living and non-living resources. The coastal economy also sustains over 4 million fisherfolk and other coastal communities.

With these vast maritime interests, the Blue Economy in India has a vital relationship with the nation’s economic growth. The efficient and sustainable use of ocean resources can enhance ocean-related capabilities, increase employment, and contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals while protecting the environment.

India’s ability to play a significant maritime role will be crucial as it strives to become a high-growth economy and simultaneously improve its capabilities to shape the geostrategic environment in its immediate and extended neighborhood. The full potential of marine resources, both living and non living, has not yet been fully investigated and utilized. A strong maritime economy supported by ports, coastal infrastructure, shipping, fishing, seaborne trade, offshore energy assets, tourism, undersea pipelines, communication cables, renewable energy, and seabed resources will also contribute to this ability, according to the report.

The Ministry of Earth Sciences hosted a consultative workshop on the status of the Blue Economy Pathways study report, involving representatives from various ministries and experts from the World Bank. The workshop discussed the collaborative role of each ministry in the report preparation.

Arranged by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), World Bank experts, representatives from the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Niti Aayog, the Ministry of Port Shipping and Waterways, and the Ministry of Tourism, attended the workshop.


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Global Gender Gap Wider-than-Expected: World Bank

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Access to childcare and women’s safety topped a new World Bank Group report that analyzes the global gender gap in the workplace. The report notes that women enjoy less than two-thirds of men’s rights and no equal opportunity.

Global gender gap analysis:

The latest Women, Business, and the Law report provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges women face in achieving global workforce participation and economic prosperity. The analysis expands to include safety from violence and access to childcare services as critical indicators in determining women’s options. The analysis reveals women only enjoy 64% of the legal protections men do, down from 77%, when including safety from violence and access to childcare services.

The report reveals a significant implementation gap in 190 economies, with only a small percentage of countries implementing laws granting equal pay to women, despite 98 economies enacting legislation mandating equal pay. Only 35 economies, less than one in five, have implemented pay transparency measures or enforcement mechanisms to address the pay gap.

The successful implementation of equal-opportunity laws requires a robust framework, including robust enforcement mechanisms, a system for tracking gender-related pay disparities, and accessible healthcare services for victims of violence, the World Bank report said.

For example, Togo, a Sub-Saharan economy with 77% women’s rights, has only established 27% of the necessary systems for full implementation of equal-opportunity laws, highlighting the ongoing challenges for these countries.

Women’s safety and child care:

In 2023, governments pushed for legal equal-opportunity reforms in pay, parental rights, and workplace protections, but faced challenges in access to childcare and women’s safety.

Global women’s safety score is 36, with only 39 countries having laws against domestic violence, sexual harassment, child marriage, and femicide. 151 economies have workplace laws against sexual harassment, but 39 prohibit it in public spaces, often preventing women from using public transportation to work.

Most countries also score poorly for childcare laws. Women spend an average of 2.4 more hours a day on unpaid care work than men—much of it on the care of children. Expanding childcare access boosts women’s labor force participation by 1 percentage point. However, only 78 economies provide financial or tax support for parents with young children, and 62 have quality standards.

Women face significant obstacles in entrepreneurship, with only one in five economies mandating gender-sensitive criteria for public procurement, limiting their $ 10 trillion-a-year economic opportunity. Women earn only 77 cents for every $1 paid to men, and the rights gap extends to retirement. Women live longer but receive lower pay, take time off, and retire earlier, leading to smaller pension benefits.

What do the World Bank Executives say?

“It is more urgent than ever to accelerate efforts to reform laws and enact public policies that empower women to work and start and grow businesses,” said Tea Trumbic, Lead Author of the report. “Today, barely half of women participate in the global workforce, compared with nearly three out of every four men. This is not just unfair—it’s wasteful. Increasing women’s economic participation is the key to amplifying their voices and shaping decisions that affect them directly. Countries simply cannot afford to sideline half of their population.”

“Women have the power to turbocharge the sputtering global economy,” said Indermit Gill, Chief Economist, the World Bank Group and Senior Vice President for Development Economics. “Yet, all over the world, discriminatory laws and practices prevent women from working or starting businesses on an equal footing with men. Closing this gap could raise global gross domestic product by more than 20% – essentially doubling the global growth rate over the next decade—but reforms have slowed to a crawl. WBL 2024 identifies what governments can do to accelerate progress toward gender equality in business and the law.”


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COP28 Delegates Pledge Millions for Loss and Damage Fund

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Countries seeking more Loss and Damage (L&D) Fund to battle the impacts of the climate crisis can breathe a sigh of relief.

COP 28 delegates have pledged millions of dollars for the loss and damage fund. They reached a significant agreement on the operationalization of the fund to compensate vulnerable nations for climate change-related loss and damage.

The agreement establishes the “Climate Impact and Response Fund,” which will be housed within the World Bank on an interim basis.

The commitments:

UAE led the way with a $100 million commitment to the Fund.

Other countries making notable commitments included:

i.  Germany: $100million,
ii. The UK: £40million for the Fund and £20million for other arrangements
iii. Japan: $10million and
iv. the US: $17.5million.

Significance:

For many years, the fund has been deeply divisive and was formerly regarded as the third rail in international climate negotiations. It would use donations made voluntarily, primarily by wealthier nations, and send the money to developing countries to help them prepare for the effects of climate change.

Despite global warming mitigation goals being achieved, vulnerable communities will still face loss and damage due to “locked-in” warming, resulting in storms, floods, decreased agricultural productivity, and rising sea levels.

The Parties will focus on crafting a robust response to the Global Stocktake, a global report card on progress towards the Paris Agreement goals.

Quotes:

“The hard work of many people over many years, has been delivered in Dubai,” said Dr COP28 President Dr. Sultan Al Jaber. “The speed at which the world came together, to get this fund operationalized within one year since Parties agreed to it in Sharm El Sheikh is unprecedented.”

“The responsibility now lies with affluent nations to meet their financial obligations in a manner proportionate to their role in the climate crisis,” said Harjeet Singh, Head, Global Political Strategy, Climate Action Network International.

“Today’s news on loss and damage gives this UN climate conference a running start. All governments and negotiators must use this momentum to deliver ambitious outcomes here in Dubai,” said Simon Stiell, UN Climate Chief at a press conference.

Backdrop:

The Fund was first agreed upon during COP27, held in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, and becomes operational today following the agreement reached by parties during 5 transitional committee meetings. The 5th transitional meeting hosted earlier this month in Abu Dhabi was added by the COP28 Presidency following the impasse reached at the 4th meeting, where Parties resolved.


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Nigeria, Agriculture, Gender disparity

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Nigeria can boost the economy by $8.1 B by addressing gender disparities

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According to a recent World Bank report, closing gender gaps that exist in Nigeria’s agricultural sector can boost the country’s economy by $8.1 billion annually. This amounts to as much as 2% of Nigeria’s GDP.

Women are 10% less likely than men to work in agriculture in Nigeria, and female farmers produce 30% less per hectare than their male counterparts.

Analysis:

The analysis of Nigeria’s agriculture spending on gender-incidence in agriculture lacks gender-disaggregated data. Improving input provision, extension service programming, and training monetary values can help policymakers prioritize spending and improve agricultural productivity.

Women make up the majority in Nigeria’s agricultural sector, with men being 10% less likely to work and 25% less likely to be primary plot managers. As a result, female producers produce 30% less per hectare than male producers. Nigeria was penalized by this low participation and productivity by 0.6 percent of its GDP annually, or US$2.3. The GDP could rise by up to 2% annually, or about US$8.1 billion, if the gender gap were to be closed. Nigeria must therefore concentrate on increasing the participation and output of women farmers.

According to the Nigeria Gender Diagnostic, three main factors—limited input use, less valuable crop value chains, and less effective farm labor—contribute to women’s lower agricultural productivity. For these gaps to be closed, gender-equitable budgeting must be implemented, as well as fiscal space.

Promoting gender equity:

The Nigerian government is promoting gender equity in agriculture through initiatives like the National Gender Policy in Agriculture (NGPiA), aiming to improve women farmers’ business skills and market access. However, inputs are distributed at rates comparable to gender participation, with male farmers receiving more. This may not encourage female farmers to choose profitable crops, such as cocoa, oil palm, and maize.

The 2018-19 Nigeria General Household Survey reveals that physical input usage is crucial for increasing agricultural productivity. Men use inputs more frequently than women, but women farmers in Southern Nigeria use 34% more fertiliser per hectare. Gender gaps in pesticide use and crop choice also affect productivity. Women farmers grow staple foods, while men focus on cash crops. To close the gender gap, gender-equitable budgeting and fiscal space creation are essential steps.

To address gaps in budget allocation and policy formulation, increase spending on physical inputs, agriculture extension services for women farmers, encourage high-value crop adoption, and invest in gender-disaggregated data collection.


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An open source repository to manage carbon credits

Sonal Desai


UNDP has developed an open source software that allows countries to effectively manage national data and processes for trading carbon credits.

An interoperable digital solution:
The software, called the National Carbon Registry, has been accredited as a digital public good (DPG). As a DPG, the registry uses open source code which allows countries to customize information as per their needs. The registry’s modules, software and technical documentation can be reused and tailored by countries, which could potentially reduce production costs and implementation timelines, according to a UNDP statement.

Built as an interoperable digital system, the registry can be integrated with national measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems and international digital systems such as UNDP’s voluntary cooperation platform and the global platform Climate Action Data Trust (CAD Trust) launched by the World Bank. This can result in a broader suite of digital public infrastructure to address climate challenges.

Best practices:
The registry follows national and international best practices and is a result of ongoing work by the Digital4Climate (D4C) Working Group, which includes UNDP, the World Bank, the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) among others. The initiative is also supported by a community of practice for knowledge exchange.

The road ahead:
Effective climate action requires concerted and sufficient investment. Developing countries will need more than US$6 trillion by 2030 to finance their climate action goals (as listed in their Nationally Determined Contributions, or NDCs).

Carbon finance is key for the implementation of the NDCs, and the Paris Agreement enables the use of market mechanisms through provisions in Article 6. For this reason, interest in carbon markets is growing around the world, with 83 percent of NDCs stating the intent to make use of international market mechanisms to reduce GHG emissions. However, until now, there has not been an open-source software that allowed countries to start their own national registry to issue and manage carbon credits, UNDP said in the statement.

UNDP and partners are actively exploring how DPI – of which some solutions can be DPGs – might apply to address issues related to nature, climate and energy. This is especially critical to counter the current trend of monolithic software implementations and siloed systems.

“This initiative is a valuable opportunity for countries to work together towards a shared good with potential benefits beyond the open source registry system. We look forward to engaging with the evolution of ideas and testing of approaches that can inform the arrangements of any country implementing Article 6 of the Paris Agreement,” said Mr. James Grabert, Director, Mitigation Division, UNFCCC.

“Developing carbon markets is an investment in our sustainable future. Digital market infrastructure will be critical to scale-up high integrity, transparent carbon markets that can be used by countries to increase the level of climate action and ambition. This is why the World Bank’s Climate Warehouse programme is working closely with our partners on the implementation of this open-source carbon registry platform,” said Juergen Voegele, Vice President, Sustainable Development, World Bank.


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Textile, Textile Waste

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Indorama Ventures expands PET recycling capacity

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Indorama Ventures, a producer of urea, phosphate fertilizers, polyolefins, synthetic gloves, cotton and synthetic spun yarns, has increased recycling facility in Brazil.

The recycling facility, located in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is increasing its production capacity from 9 thousand tons to 25 thousand tons per year of PET made from post-consumer recycled (PET-PCR) material. The project is part of Indorama Ventures’ Vision 2030 ambition to continue building a sustainable global company, including spending $1.5 billion to increase its recycling capacity to 50 billion PET bottles per year by 2025.

The expansion of the recycling facility is being supported by a Blue Loan from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank.

It must be noted that Indorama Ventures has invested $20 million to optimize its Brazil facility’s processes and acquire new equipment such as washing machines to help remove labels, grind bottles in water and reduce water consumption by 70%, the company said in a press release.


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Sustainability, UNSDGs

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10 sustainability lessons from the life of Nelson Mandela

Sonal Desai


Depending on how one wants to view it, the rift between those who support and oppose climate change action, alleviating poverty and hunger, DEI, and promoting world peace and unity is growing or shrinking.

As more data and statistics have become available, our understanding of the problem has expanded and more stakeholders have become involved. This reminds me of Nelson Mandela’s well-known call for an equitable distribution of resources in his (then) racist homeland: “Work, bread, water, and salt for all.”

Today’s Africa is a brand-new novel, with every page lovingly crafted and nurtured by the populace, the state, and the international community, for whom Mandela continues to serve as a role model.

The Mandela legacy:
Call it the Mandela legacy. Long before the world developed official frameworks and nomenclature to make it mainstream, he advocated for social justice, the fight against poverty, human rights, peace & security, and climate change–some of the key pillars of the UNSDG principles.

What began as a personal initiative to bring a nation together and have a positive, purpose-driven impact on society as a whole gradually grew into a global agenda driven by the United Nations, the World Bank, and the think tank across various organisations, all of which are looking for answers to different questions regarding one major cause, global warming and its impact. Every day, reams of paper are used for research, analysis, or the publication of new findings and directives intended to halt local, national, and international catastrophes brought on by heat waves, rainforest destruction, melting glaciers, and carbon emissions and pollution.

Although these are long-term problems, putting a few fundamentals in place can help repair the already thinly stretched fabric. We, the people, are at the heart of it all. Mandela’s attention to people and his pearls of wisdom teach lessons in sustainability and sustainable living that last a lifetime.

I list below my favorite 10:

1. “I am fundamentally an optimist. Whether that comes from nature or nurture, I cannot say. Part of being optimistic is keeping one’s head pointed toward the sun, one’s feet moving forward. There were many dark moments when my faith in humanity was sorely tested, but I would not and could not give myself up to despair. That way lays defeat and death.” – “Long Walk to Freedom, The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela” written by Nelson Mandela in 1994

2. It is not our diversity which divides us; it is not our ethnicity, or religion or culture that divides us. Since we have achieved our freedom, there can only be one division amongst us: between those who cherish democracy and those who do not (Nelson Mandela by Himself: The Authorised Book of Quotations).

3. Poverty is not an accident. Like slavery and apartheid, it is man-made and can be removed by the actions of human beings.

4. I dream of our vast deserts, of our forests, of all our great wilderness. We must never forget that it is our duty to protect this environment.

5. The very right to be human is denied everyday to hundreds of millions of people as a result of poverty, the unavailability of basic necessities such as food, jobs, water and shelter, education, healthcare and a healthy environment.

6. Education is the great engine of personal development. It is through education that the daughter of a peasant can become a doctor, that the son of a mine worker can become the head of the mine, that a child of farm workers can become the president of a great nation.

7. Thus shall we live, because we will have created a society which recognises that all people are born equal, with each entitled in equal measure to life, liberty, prosperity, human rights and good governance.

8. As long as women are bound by poverty and as long as they are looked down upon, human rights will lack substance. As long as outmoded ways of thinking prevent women from making a meaningful contribution to society, progress will be slow.

9. One cannot be prepared for something while secretly believing it will not happen

10. It takes you out of your comfort zone, away from your normal supports and will have people questioning your sanity. No doubt, it’s a brave move.

Contextually, it is time for us to work together to build a better world. Numerous men and women have already started the lone drive. Let us join them and build momentum for a just and sustainable world!!

You can add to the list dear reader. Let’s take the conversation forward.


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Will we ever have a solution to the declining AQI issue?

Renjini Liza Varghese


Can you insulate yourself from air pollution-related health issues?

Air pollution is affecting people globally. In India, declining AQI is spreading from one state to another like a rogue plague putting popular lives at risk.

First Delhi, then Maharashtra, and now Kochi is fighting air pollution-related challenges. The cause of the problem is different for all the 3 cities. While the national capital is battling dangerous AQI due to vehicular pollution and stubble burning, Mumbai has witnessed dust storms because of natural causes and increased construction activities. Kochi is a case of manmade disaster—namely mismanagement of solid waste.

The smog blanket:

The city and its surrounding regions are covered under a blanket of dark smog. This reminds of a similar incident in the Govandi dumping ground (on the outskirts of Mumbai) had caught massive fire because of solid waste mismanagement. The citizens bore the brunt of the resultant smog and health issues persist.

I have referenced these two instances because they are closer home. But global data is equally unsettling. As per World bank data, 91% of the world population breathe unhealthy air. Despite various efforts made to tackle this problem, less than 10% of people in the world breathe clean air.

The reason is rising smoke levels from fires, industries, and vehicles. Let us look at the most recent Brahmapuram fire incident in Kerala to highlight the severity of the issue. The fire broke out in a garbage dump, and the smoke from the fire spread to neighbouring districts of Kochi. The smoke was so intense that it caused breathing difficulties, eye irritation, and other health issues to the residents. The situation became so severe that schools and even some offices in the affected areas had to be closed.

Is this the tipping point?

The disaster and its impact points at how critical is to manage the waste in a sustainable manner. While Kerala sets many benchmarks in quality of life, education, healthcare etc, concerted efforts are required for waste and water management.

Kerala-named as God’s Own Country–receives rainfall for more than 8 months in a year, and yet faces drought every summer. The temperature lingers above 40 degrees starting February forcing the state government to issue precautionary directives to citizens. Heat strokes and related deaths are commonly reported a single column in the newspapers.

Climate change and cascading effect:

Shrinking seashores has a cascading effect not just on the livelihoods of people in the coastal areas but to the state economy as well.

The whispers about climate change are getting louder. But what are we doing about it?

For one, the Bhrahmapuram incident is not the first incident in Kerala. The state has witnessed issues related to solid waste dump yards earlier was well. Vilappilsala in Thiruvanthapuram, fire incidents in Brahmapuram earlier and incidents in Kozhikode.

Indore paving the way:

It is high time the authorities learn waste management lessons from Indore, the cleanest city of India. The local administration has worked very hard and collaborated with active citizen groups to create awareness about the importance of sustainable living and the importance of waste management.

The city’s state of the start waste management facility is capable of processing up to 600 metric tons of waste per day. The plant uses a combination of mechanical and biological processes to convert waste into compost and electricity. The compost is used as fertilizer for plants, while the electricity is used to power the plant and the city’s streetlights.

Indore has also implemented a program called “Waste to Wealth,” which encourages citizens to segregate waste and recycle it. The program provides incentives to citizens who participate in waste segregation and recycling activities. This has led to a significant reduction in the amount of waste that is sent to landfills.

Collective conscious:

Authorities are taking the lead in each state in water and waste management. The time is ripe for us citizens to do our bit for society. Let us start by reducing dumps in landfills.


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