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Vivriti Capital Secures $25 Million from ADB for Climate Finance

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The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is investing $25 million in a certified climate bond issue by Vivriti Capital Limited (VCL). Vivriti will use atleast 30 percent of the funds for EV financing, including charging stations and battery swapping stations.

This is  the first such bond issued by a medium-sized non-bank financial company in India. The proceeds will be used to provide finance for companies engaged in sectors including electric vehicles, solar and wind energy, and waste management.

According to an ADB statement, the bond is being certified by the Climate Bonds Initiative and aims to enhance access to climate finance for financially underserved enterprises, including micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), mid-market corporates, and retail clients in India.

At least 30 percent of the funds will be earmarked for electric vehicle financing, including charging stations and battery swapping stations, ADB said.

“Climate bonds can bridge the large market gap for climate finance in India while supporting the development of the capital market,” said Suzanne Gaboury, Director General for Private Sector Operations, ADB. “This partnership with Vivriti Capital Limited allows ADB to support scalable and commercially viable renewable energy projects and promote decarbonization of road transport, which accounts for up to 30 percent of urban air pollution in India.”

“As the country sets out to reduce carbon emissions by one billion tons by 2030 and achieve net-zero by 2070, the need for substantial financial support has never been more crucial,” said Vineet Sukumar, Founder and Managing Director, VCL. “With this partnership, we are well-positioned to channel these funds into critical areas such as electric vehicles and renewable energy projects. These investments will not only drive sustainable economic growth but also create a lasting multiplier effect across the broader economy.”

It must be noted that India urgently needs climate finance to tackle the worsening impacts of climate change, with more than 80 percent of the population at risk of climate-related disasters.

Moreover,  India’s debt capital market needs further development, with only 3.8% of domestic corporate bonds classified as green bonds, ADB said in a press release.


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Climate Financing Start-up Raises $6.3 M

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Climate financing start-up Two Point O Capital has raised $6.3 million in a seed funding round led by Omnivore. Multiply Ventures, RTP Global, GrowX, Spectrum Impact. A group of angel investors also participated in the funding round.

Founded in 2024, Two Point O Capital is a climate financing platform for MSMEs and rural enterprises focussed on distributed clean energy projects in the commercial and industrial segments.

The company plans to strengthen its tech-enabled platform to source, underwrite, finance and monitor distributed projects in clean energy segments. These include solar rooftops, energy efficiency equipment, and wastewater treatment.

The funding will enable the company to address a gap in debt financing within the distributed clean energy sector by catalysing investments through innovative financial solutions.

Besides, the start-up aims to work with various operating and financial partners to build a high-quality portfolio and manage it through its lifecycle on the platform.

“By unlocking capital for distributed energy assets in rural India, the start-up empowers businesses nationwide to embrace sustainability. The founding team brings incredible experience from the relevant sectors, and we are excited to partner with them,” Abhilash Sethi, Investment Director, Omnivore, said.

Raveen Sastry, Founding Partner, Multiply Ventures, said, “We are excited to support this talented team as they work to solve one of India’s biggest challenges—bridging the $10 Bn annual gap in financing for clean energy projects.”

“This investment will accelerate our growth trajectory and help attract top talent across various functions to build a best-in-class team,” said Archit Mehrotra, Karan Bhutani, and Manya Ranjan, Founders, Two Point O Capital.

“While traditional financing meets the capital needs of utility-scale clean energy projects, a vast and growing unmet demand exists—exceeding $10 billion annually—for efficient and flexible capital to finance distributed-level projects,” they added.


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India Working on International Cooperation to Empower Global South

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India is focusing on international cooperation to empower the global south, according to Bhupender Yadav, Union Minister for Environment, Forests, and Climate Change (MoEFCC).

He said that the country is assessing financial requirements at COP29 to achieve new quantifiable goals.

He said climate finance needs to be defined appropriately in order to support capacity building. To increase capacity, the Ministry of Energy has proposed the idea of a carbon market and launched the Green Climate fund, the minister who recently led a plenary discussion on India’s Road to Net-Zero Emissions, said.

He said, “The path of sustainability has to be chosen for conservation of ecosystem, biodiversity, development of society and for best utilization of human resources. To ensure sustainability, a proper technological and management system has to be created for the world through policy, technological intervention, and capacity building.”

India has significantly reduced its carbon emissions, despite facing challenges such as its unique topography.

Need an action plan:

Mr Yadav said that though India constitutes 17% of the world’s population, it only contributes 5% of emissions worldwide. By contrast, in developed nations, 17% of the population accounts for 60% of emissions. He said, “India has made great strides toward lowering carbon emissions, even in the face of obstacles like its uneven terrain.”

Nations should create action plans with equity as a top priority, making sure that everyone has access to prosperity, justice, and health, Mr Yadav said. He said that this strategy will protect natural resources for future generations, advance social justice, and enable inclusive, sustainable economic growth.

He said that India is the only G20 nation to have met two of the three quantitative nationally determined contributions (NDCs) targets of the Paris Agreement nine years ahead of schedule under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

According to the minister, private sector involvement will be essential to bolstering renewable grids, creating low-carbon technology, and handling demand-side problems to meet the net-zero goal by 2070.

“It is necessary to use fossil fuel resources sensibly and carefully, to develop integrated, effective, and inclusive low-carbon transportation systems, and to build sustainable urbanization that takes into account ecological, economic, and inclusive factors,” he said.

The government is pushing for green hydrogen technology, fuel switching, recycling, the circular economy, he said. He said that the focus is also on bio-based policy interventions to strengthening the MSME sector.


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COP 29 President Sets 14-Point Action Agenda

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The COP 29 President has announced initiatives to accelerate climate action and supplement the formal negotiated agenda.

The Action Agenda addresses global climate issues, focusing on key priorities like energy, finance, agriculture, cities, human development, and climate peace.

Initiatives like BICFIT and MAP address cross-sectoral synergies. Finance is a key enabler of climate action, the COP 29 President said Mr Mukhtar Babayev, President, COP 29, in his letter to the stakeholders.

He said “Azerbaijan is honored by the confidence that the global community has placed in us to host COP29. But we are just one country and we cannot solve the climate crisis alone. We seek to inspire every actor and demonstrate what is possible with commitment and determination, and we never underestimate the value of an individual contribution. “

Nigar Arpadarai, UN High-Level Climate Champion, COP 29, said “Now is the time for the whole universe of climate stakeholders to sign up, speak up and step up on climate action. If we are to meet our goals, we need everyone to do their part.”

The 14-point action agenda:
  • The Climate Finance Action Fund (CFAF). It is a voluntary fund funded by fossil fuel producers to support mitigation, adaptation, research, and development efforts in developing countries.
  • The Baku Initiative for Climate Finance, Investment and Trade (BICFIT). It is a Baku-based initiative promoting green investment, policy development, and expertise sharing in climate finance, investment, and trade.
  • COP29 Green Energy Zones and Corridors Pledge. It pledges to establish green energy zones and corridors, boost investment, stimulate economic growth, modernize infrastructure, and foster regional cooperation.
  • COP 29 Global Energy Storage and Grids Pledge: The pledge aims to triple global energy storage capacity by 2030, with endorsers committing to significantly increase investments in energy grids refurbishing more than 80 million kilometers by 2040.
  • COP 29 Hydrogen Declaration. The declaration aims to unlock the global market for clean hydrogen and its derivatives, addressing regulatory, technological, financing, and standardization barriers for both public and private sectors.
  • COP Truce Appeal. It is modeled on the Olympic Truce and aims to establish a hub for peace and climate action, focusing on matching vulnerable needs with resources.
  • COP 29 Green Digital Action Declaration. It aims to accelerate climate-positive digitalization, reduce emissions in the Information and Communication Technology sector, and improve the accessibility of green digital technologies.
  • The Baku Initiative on Human Development for Climate Resilience. The initiative aims to improve human development by promoting investment in education, skills, health, well-being, children and youth, establishing COP-to-COP continuity, and enhancing environmental literacy through education standards.
  • The Baku Harmoniya Climate Initiative for Farmers. The aggregator connects initiatives, coalitions, and networks to share experiences, identify synergies, facilitate finance, and foster collaboration on agriculture, empowering communities and women in rural areas.
  • COP 29 Declaration on Reducing Methane from Organic Waste. The declaration aims to achieve 1.5-aligned waste sector commitments in National Development Capitals (NDCs) with quantified targets to decrease methane in waste and food systems.
  • COP 29 Multisectoral Actions Pathways (MAP) Declaration for Resilient and Healthy Cities. The declaration aims to improve multisectoral cooperation in tackling urban climate challenges, promote coherence in urban climate efforts, and stimulate urban climate finance.
  • COP29 Declaration on Enhanced Action in Tourism. The initiative aims to establish sectoral targets for tourism in NDCs, promote sustainable practices, reduce emissions, enhance transparency, and establish sustainable food systems in the sector.
  • COP29 Declaration on Water for Climate Action. A declaration urging stakeholders to integrate water-related mitigation and adaptation measures into national climate policies.
  • The Baku Global Climate Transparency Platform (BTP). The platform aims to assist developing country parties in preparing and submitting Biennial Transparency Reports, promote knowledge exchange, and enhance capacity-building resources.

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Sovereign Green Bonds May be Traded at IFSC

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By October, foreign investors operating within Gujarat International Finance Tec-City, also known as GIFT City, may be able to trade sovereign green bonds.

RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das affirmed the development. He said that trading of sovereign green bonds can start at International Financial Services Center (IFSC). “We are in discussions with the IFSC on allowing investment in green bonds. It should be operationalized by the second half of FY25.”

Currently, foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) registered with SEBI are permitted to invest in green bonds, The investments can be under the different routes available for investment by FPIs in government securities.

It must be noted that RBI had in April announced that it will allow investment and trading of Sovereign Green Bonds at IFSC,.

“With a view to facilitating wider non-resident participation in green bonds, it has been decided to permit eligible foreign investors in the IFSC to also invest in such bonds,” Mr Das said during the April bi-monthly policy.

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced in FY25 Budget speech that a climate finance taxonomy will be developed to enhance capital availability for climate adaptation and mitigation.

Recalling here, the Union Budget of FY 23 announced sovereign Green Bonds for green infrastructure mobilization.

The objective was to reduce carbon intensity by introducing Sovereign Green Bonds to help the Indian government secure funding for sustainable public sector projects.


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COP29: Hope for Climate Mitigation and Climate Fund

Sonal Desai


COP29 in Azerbaijan is just three months away.

It is one of the most anticipated climate events in 2024.

More so because I am expecting action and actionable strategies from Baku, as against hollow promises in the past events.

There are couple of reasons, I am placing my bets on COP29:

1. Climate incidents have played global havoc. Disturbing climate incidents have displaced thousands of people as well as animals. The loss and damage are yet to be established.
2. The event has already sparked climate conversations. But more so because, the host country, Azerbaijan is taking the lead in mitigating climate action.

The country aims to reduce emissions by 40% by 2050 through climate mitigation plans, including gas-free power stations, renewable energy, and energy-efficient technologies. With these initiatives, Baku has set the ball rolling for member countries.

India, in particular, which has seen massive destruction because of increased natural disasters will be an active participant.

Here are some reasons why:

Till July 2024, India witnessed over 120 natural disasters ranging from cyclones, floods, flash floods, landslides, insect infestations, forest fires.

• The year 2023 has been the warmest year on record, with 1.48 degrees warmer than the pre-industrial average. The Centre for Science and Environment’s annual Anil Agarwal Dialogue revealed that 109 nations, including India, experienced extreme weather events in 2023, causing losses of 3,287 human lives, 2.21 million hectares, and 124,813 animal deaths.
• A World Bank Climate Change report predicts India’s average temperature to rise by 1.1-4.1°C by the end of the century, influenced by the 21st-century emissions pathway.
• The G20 Climate Risk Atlas highlights India’s already severe climate change impacts, predicting impacts up to 2050 and 2100 on various emission pathways.
• India faces severe climate impacts due to high emissions, with heatwave lengths increasing by 2,515% in 30 years, causing heat-related deaths 25 times higher than in 1990, destroying crops, and costing farmers 15% of income by 2050.
• Increased climate threats, including extreme heatwaves, hurricanes are interrupting the supply chain.

Grim picture?

IT CERTAINLY IS!

Even as the country limps from one tragic incident to normalcy, tragedy strikes another region with an equal or more devastating vigor. This is a continuing trend over the past few years with no solution in sight. Besides, every climate incident poses newer challenges.

WriteCanvas has consistently pointed out the ill effects of ignoring natural warnings (including climate change). I am hoping that the climate conversation at Baku is realistic. It just does not play on the lines of the previous COP editions that provide hope but no conducive solutions to mitigate climate change.

Climate finance at play:

The UNFCCC’s Standing Committee on Finance estimates that developing countries need $5.8-11.5 trillion by 2030 to meet their climate plans.

COP29 also aims to Paris Agreement goals including limiting global warming, adapting to climate change impacts, and mobilizing financing.

Experts augur that the faster India adopts low-carbon policies, it will face lesser climate impacts cascades. Limiting temperature rise to 2°C will see the cost of climate impacts in India drop to just 2% of its GDP by 2050 and 5.18% by 2100. At COP29, all eyes will be on ACT2025.

According to WRI, The Allied Climate Transformation (ACT) 2025 consortium is advocating for strong climate finance and support at COP29, focusing on 3.6 billion people in climate-vulnerable countries.

The consortium aims to meet the needs of developing countries and set an ambitious climate finance goal to support low-emissions economies. Climate-vulnerable nations face widespread devastation from climate change, and a lack of support for climate action is concerning.

The consortium’s Call to Action outlines concrete actions to support these countries, including setting an ambitious climate finance goal and ensuring quality finance, and accountability.

This will take into account the needs and priorities of developing country Parties, and will also include the operationalization of Article 6. Strengthening multilateral financial institutions and climate funds will contribute to creating an international enabling environment for success.

Debuting the New Collective Quantified Goal:

The UN climate conference in Baku will focus on the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) to determine the new amount developed nations must mobilize annually to support climate action in developing countries starting in 2025.

Adopting the NCQG is crucial for the Paris Agreement. The COP29 Presidency aims to agree on an ambitious NCQG, considering the needs and priorities of developing country Parties, and facilitating transparency and accessibility.

The top negotiating priority is agreeing on a fair and ambitious NCQG on climate finance, considering developing country needs.

Strengthening multilateral financial institutions and climate funds, and mobilizing the private sector and philanthropy for climate action are also crucial in adopting the NCQG and implementing the Paris Agreement.

Our take:

COP29, we hope, will lay out actionable roadmaps for the pressing issues of Climate Fund mobilization and lack of action in the Paris Agreement. We also hope the world leaders align in their climate language, fast-tracking in actions, and accountability that measure impacts.


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India to Develop Taxonomy for Climate Finance

Sonal Desai


The Budget 2024-25, for the first time saw focused measures for climate mitigation.

The announcement of the taxonomy for climate finance is a significant step by the finance minister, Nirmala Sitharaman.

The Government of India announced creation of taxonomy for climate finance to increase the availability of funding for climate change adaptation and greenhouse gas emission reduction.

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the initiative during her Budget speech today. She said that the taxonomy will increase the amount of capital available for climate adaptation and mitigation. It will also help the nation fulfil its climate commitments and make the transition to a greener economy.

The fight against climate change requires an energy transition. This translates to supporting multiple sources of renewable energy. To facilitate the transition, especially with a focus on solar, Ms Sitharaman suggested adding more capital goods to the list of exempt goods to be used in the domestic production of solar panels and cells to facilitate the energy transition.

As a first step, the government intends to release a policy paper outlining suitable energy transition routes that strike a balance between the needs of economic expansion, job creation, and environmental sustainability. This is in-line with the plan to maintain strong and more resource-efficient economic growth, and energy security in terms of availability, affordability, and accessibility, as outlined in the interim budget,.

It plans to introduce a pumped storage policy to support renewable energy integration.

Nuclear in limelight:

After a long gap, nuclear power has found its way in budget announcement.

Ms Sitharaman announced significant initiatives for nuclear energy development in the Union Budget 2024, marking a significant step towards diversifying India’s energy mix.

The goal of this strategic change is to increase the share of nuclear energy in India’s power generation mix.

As per the Department of Atomic Energy, nuclear energy is the fifth-largest source of electricity for India which contributes about 3% of the total electricity generation in the country. India has over 22 nuclear reactors in 7 power plants across the country which produces 6780 MW of nuclear power.
Contextually, the government intends to collaborate with the private sector to establish Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs) and advance small modular reactor technology for nuclear power. The objective of this initiative is to improve India’s energy mix and support domestic nuclear technology.

On a negative note, the FM completely skipped mention about the wind power and other energy segments.

Presently, renewable energy projects can only receive loans of up to Rs 30 crore, even though the RBI has designated it as a priority secto


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BRICS Environment Ministers Review Progress

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Developed countries must fund climate finance initiatives of developing nations said Union Minister of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change, Bhupender Yadav.

The funds will be utilized for implementation of the financial pledges made at the UNFCCC and CBD COPs. He urged the developing countries utilize available carbon space at the same cautioned against viewing climate finance as an investment vehicle.

Mr Yadav was speaking at the 10th BRICS Environment Ministers Meeting, chaired by the Russian Federation. He highlighted the importance of aligning the BRICS initiatives with the UN system’s and its agencies’ principles and goals.

The Union Minister emphasized the need for BRICS countries to enhance cooperation, maintain close multilateral ties, and unite to uphold equity and CBDR-RC values, and adopt sustainable lifestyles.

He highlighted India’s efforts to tackle environmental issues domestically and internationally, and urged the BRICS countries to support India’s global initiatives, including Mission LiFE, IBCA, CDRI, LeadIT, and Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam campaign.

It was the first meeting after the five new members, i.e. Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia, joined.


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G7 Agrees to Coal Phase-Out

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Finally, there is a consensus among major forces regarding the coal phase-out of polluting fuel from energy generation. The recent G7 decision is considered as one of the key decisions in this regard.

The G7 Ministerial in Turin has agreed to phase out existing unabated coal power generation during the first half of the 2030s and make commitments to the COP28 deal.

However, the agreement fell short of making any new progress on the scaling up of climate finance. The agreement will be presented to G7 Leaders to sign off at a summit in June and sets the climate and energy agenda for the world’s most advanced countries.

Coal phase-out and NDCs:

The G7, responsible for 21% of global emissions, is under pressure to detail how they will respond to the outcome of COP28, which agreed to transition away from fossil fuels, triple global renewable capacity, double energy efficiency improvements, and unlock climate finance for low-income nations.

This year, governments are due to agree to a new climate finance goal at COP29 in Baku and prepare their national country climate plans (the Nationally Determined Contributions) ahead of a February 2025 deadline.

The G7 has agreed to measures to phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, including promoting a common definition of inefficient subsidies and reporting progress towards phasing out inefficient subsidies by 2025 or sooner.

The agreement is likely to indirectly shape the Australian coal market, which accounted for 50% of the total coal imported by G7 countries in 2023.

The G7’s commitment to phase out domestic coal from its energy systems before 2035 ensures that the US and Japan will have a coal
phase-out date, though still several years delayed compared to its peers.

Questions remain on whether Germany will update its legal date 2038 in line with Scholz’s coalition government commitment of achieving coal phase out “by ideally 2030”. Japan has the highest share of coal in the G7 (32%), but is likely to argue that it is ‘on track’ to meet its own 2030 NDC.


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SIDBI Secures $120 M Green Climate Fund Project

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Avaana Sustainability Fund, SIDBI’s green climate initiative has secured a $120 million green climate fund project. SIDBI’s expertise in green and climate finance will significantly advance the nation’s nationally determined contributions by bringing about global changes

In a press note, SIDBI said that the Green Climate Fund (GCF) has approved the project, the development bank’s first anchored project in the segment.

The closure was declared at the 38th board meeting of the GCF, which will invest $24.5 million in the fund, in Kigali, Rwanda.

The investment strategy of the fund employs four key approaches to target four significant transitions: the built environment; the energy industry; human security, livelihood, and wellbeing; and land use-forests and ecosystems.

The principal objective of the ASF initiative is to provide capital to nascent enterprises that are leveraging technology-driven innovation to promote sustainability and climate solutions in India. Significant contributions to adaptation, mitigation, and strengthening of resilience in economically vulnerable sectors are among the expected outcomes.

Thanks to its experience in green and climate finance, this project—the first that SIDBI has anchored and the country has secured in recent years—will greatly advance the country’s nationally determined contributions by bringing about significant changes on a global scale, according to SIDBI. The Green Climate Fund is also a crucial part of the historic Paris Agreement.

The GCF accelerates transformative climate action by utilizing climate investment expertise and flexible financing solutions in a partnership-driven manner, SIDBI said in the statement.

It must be noted that working under the direction of the Union Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change, SIDBI is utilizing climate finance to implement low-carbon and climate-resilient projects. The development bank has also been designated as an AE and direct access entity (DAE) with the GCF. Additionally, the bank will communicate with important ministries and parties, such as the Department of Financial Services.


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Four government initiatives in sustainable energy sector this week

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Despite initial concerns about the sheer scale of the hurdles in sustainable energy, India’s 2070 net zero goal is gaining traction with stakeholders encouraged by recent policy actions.

In a bid to boost the adoption of renewable energy and also enable scalability of projects, the Central government upped its ante for the sector.

Here are the four key announcements for sustainable energy:
  1. MNRE guidelines for green hydrogen in the transport sector: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has issued guidelines for pilot projects involving the use of green hydrogen in the transport sector. A budget of Rs 496 crore has been allocated for the scheme until the financial year 2025-26. The pilot projects will be implemented through the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and the Scheme Implementing Agencies nominated under the scheme. The scheme also aims to support other innovative uses of hydrogen for reducing carbon emissions in the transport sector, such as blending methanol/ethanol based on green hydrogen and other synthetic fuels derived from green hydrogen in automobile fuels.
  2. Joint Center for Renewable Energy Innovation and Sustainable Energy Transition: Union Minister R.K. Singh announced the Center for Energy Transition, a joint venture between the Indian government and The Energy and Resources Institute, focusing on developing renewable energy ideas and sustainable energy transition routes.
    Nitin Desai, the chairperson of the TERI Governing Council, announced that the Center will be established in Hyderabad to create all-encompassing energy transition pathways.
  3. Five SPVs awarded: REC Power Development and Consultancy Limited handed over five project-specific special purpose vehicles for inter-state transmission projects construction, under Ministry of Power supervision.
    The Indian Ministry of Power has chosen Power Grid Corporation of India Limited, Indigrid 2 Limited & Indigrid 1 Limited (Consortium), and Apraava Energy Private Limited as successful bidders for the ISTS Transformation Projects. RECPDCL awarded Letters of Award to Avaada Energy Private Limited and Juniper Green Energy Private Limited for establishing 100 MW wind power projects under India’s flexible generation and scheduling scheme.
  4. PFC and CEEW Form Strategic Partnership for Net-Zero Energy transition: Power Finance Corporation Ltd. and the Council on Energy, Environment, and Water have partnered to achieve India’s 2070 Net Zero target, making PFC the largest renewable energy financier in India. The two entities are collaborating for research, policy, and innovation to strengthen their role in India’s net-zero target and clean energy technologies, laying the groundwork for future initiatives.
    PFC is partnering with the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS) to expand its green portfolio and strengthen its position in India’s clean energy transition. The partnership aims to analyze net-zero finance requirements, new lending trends, and financing for clean energy technologies, identify emerging global capital pools, and understand climate finance products.

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COP28: A Mixed Bag

Gayatri Ramanathan


When the dust settles on COP28, it will go down as one of the more momentous ones.

For the first time, the final text includes language on fossil fuels with countries agreeing that fossil fuels need to be replaced with clean energy to reach global net zero by 2050. The agreement calls for a tripling of renewable energy by 2030 and a doubling of energy efficiency.

Although the text contains references to ‘transition’ fuels, the emphasis remains on switching to renewable energy. It also calls for accelerating efforts for phase-down of unabated coal power. The UAE agreement says that new national climate pledges should be delivered in late 2024.

For a meeting that was supposed to focus on climate finance, COP28 was a mixed bag. The Loss and Damage Fund was established on Day 1. The 2nd replenishment of the Green Climate Fund stands at $12.8 billion. The next COP in Azerbaijan in 2024 now becomes the year for finance when major political and technical processes must land to address these gaps.

The Dubai meeting sent some key signals on the need for international financial reform assisting poor nations with the energy transition, and adapting to climate impacts. The lack of accompanying finance makes the energy transition a harder lift.

The adaptation text is weaker than previous versions with few concrete metrics or definitions, but a plan to get there over 2 years. There is a significant reference to rich countries paying poorer countries to use their forests as carbon offsets, which has raised questions about sovereignty and equity.

Trade has been raised as an issue with countries looking to work together on fair aligned policies that support global climate-friendly supply chains. There is a “Roadmap to Mission 1.5 degree C” on international cooperation ahead of COP30 in Brazil, a Brazilian initiative.

Adaptation was supposed to be the 3rd key issue addressed in COP28. Here the final agreement is quite weak and watered down with the text having been cut to exclude targets and timelines, no indication of scaling up adaptation finance, and loopholes to delay/deny financial obligations. On the Global Goal on Adaptation, the language has been watered down from a ‘commitment’ to ‘seek to’. With 84 mentions of the word ‘adaptation’, there is no sense that there are hard limits to humankind’s ability to adapt to climate change, as outlined by IPCC.

But more than all of this, the sheer number of oil and gas executives and big agriculture and meat business representatives present at the meeting shows that these key emitters now see the writing on the wall. We should soon see action from these key industries on decarbonizing. Equity and finance will continue to be key issues well into COP 29 in view of the looming global recession and the wars in Ukraine and Gaza.

The article is written by Gayatri Ramanathan, an Energy and Climate Action Expert. The views expressed are personal.

 

 

 

 


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COP28: Navigating the complexities

Renjini Liza Varghese


A week away from the kick of COP28 in Dubai, it appears to be more challenging for the global leaders. We are heading to the busiest time of the year. By that, I mean the stakeholders of climate mitigation. Blame it on the more complex impact climate change has on human lives with every passing day.

While the forum is themed around four key subjects, Technology and Innovation; Inclusion; Frontline Communities, and Finance, the world leaders would have more challenges.

Here is the list of my top 5 challenges for COP 28:

A) Climate mitigation commitment and stocktaking: 198 countries are signatories to the Paris Agreement that started the chorus to arrest temperature rise by 1.5 degrees Celsius. This would be the first review meeting after the countries agreed to a review every 5 years. As we know, countries, corporations, and other stakeholders are way off their climate targets.

The Emissions Gap Report 2023 from the UN shows that if actions are not intensified, the globe is heading to a 3-degree Celsius temperature increase. As of today, the agreed-upon task to arrest the temperature rise at 1.5 degrees to the pre-industry levels, appears to be an unachievable target.

B) Climate funding: Affordable, sustainable development funds were the focus of the previous COPs as well. However, very little has translated into action. Making funding accessible for developing countries will continue to top the challenge chart for world leaders.

C)  Loss and damage fund: The negotiation concluded in Abu Dhabi in the first week of November. The guidelines will be sent for signing during COP28. This fund has already attracted flakes from developed countries.

D) Energy transition: Widely spoken about and initiated, energy transition still struggles to find its feet as many of the countries are taking practical steps to keep demand and growth in focus over climate action. So, for world leaders, accelerating energy transition commitments would require putting more pressure on these nations.

E) The broader leadership strategy to save people, lives, and livelihoods: Recalling here, September 2023 was the warmest month in many parts of the world. However, some parts like India, Turkey, and Spain saw unprecedented floods and natural calamities. Decisive and structured leadership to save people is very crucial.

Undoubtedly, this is a crucial decade for all – Countries, corporations, leaders, and the common man alike. The delay in action can lead to catastrophes beyond human comprehension.


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Sustainability Important to Make Investment Decisions

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94 % of investors in a recent PWC survey said that corporate reporting on sustainability performance contains unsupported claims.

Sustainability continues to be pivotal for investors:

Sustainability continues to remain pivotal to investors, according to the PWC report. Investors are looking for stronger reporting standards amid greenwashing concerns.

75% said that how a company manages sustainability-related risks and opportunities is an important factor in their investment decisions, although this is down 4% from last year.

Investors this year highlighted a strong undercurrent of doubt around the reliability of sustainability reporting and information. This is often referred to as greenwashing.
• 94% believe corporate reporting on sustainability performance contains some level of unsupported claims (up from 87% in 2022)
• 15% think unsupported claims to be high to a very large extent
• 79 % said unsupported claims are present to a moderate or greater extent, which is up one percentage point from last year
• 57% said if companies meet the upcoming regulations it will meet their information needs for decision-making to a “large” or “considerable extent”
• The upcoming regulations include CSRD, the SEC proposed climate disclosure rules in the US, and ISSB standards

These perceptions of greenwashing may explain why investors are looking to regulators and standard setters to create clarity and consistency in companies’ reporting, PWC said.

Investor focus:

The focus of investors on meeting the cost of ESG commitments has also risen, the PWC researchers noted.

• 76% of investors find this information important or very important.
• 75% agree that companies should disclose the monetary value of their impact on the environment or society, up from 66% in 2022
• 85% say that reasonable assurance (akin to an audit of financial statements) would give them confidence in sustainability reporting to a “moderate”, “large”, or “considerable extent”

The survey – now in its third consecutive year – queried 345 investors and analysts across geographies, asset classes, and investment approaches. The aim was to get insights into the factors that most affect the companies they invest in and cover.

Key highlights:

• Three-quarters of investors say sustainability is important to their investment decisions
• More than half (57%) back greater clarity and consistency in sustainability reporting
• Technological transformation is driving the investment landscape
• 59% identified technological change as the most likely factor to influence how companies create value over the next three years
• 61% say faster adoption of AI is very or extremely important
• Macroeconomic and inflationary concerns fall from 2022 highs
• Concern about climate change rises from 22% to 32%, putting climate on par with cyber risks

Investors favor accelerated AI adoption, despite risks

This year’s survey findings show investors view the accelerated adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) as critical to value creation while recognizing the importance of managing risks.

• 61% say faster adoption is “very”, or “extremely important”
• 85 % noted moderately important
• 59% identified technological change as the factor most likely to influence how companies create value over the next three years
• Innovation and emerging technologies (including AI, the metaverse, and blockchain) among their top five priorities for evaluating companies
• 86% see AI presenting considerable risk from a “moderate” to “very large extent” when it comes to data security and privacy; insufficient governance and controls (84%), misinformation (83%); and bias and discrimination (72%).

Quotes:

Nadja Picard, Global Reporting Leader, PwC Germany said, “We are seeing significant steps towards more consistent reporting from companies around climate change, however, there is a need for improvement. All the while, investors are calling for greater engagement around how companies manage the opportunities and risks of new technologies, particularly generative AI, as new technologies increasingly drive business transformation and investment.”

James Chalmers, Global Assurance Leader, PwC UK, said, “We are moving from a period of awareness raising around the importance of climate and technological change to a time where investors are increasingly asking specific and tough questions about how companies are addressing those issues in their strategy, how they assess risk and opportunity, and what is truly material for them. In this context, corporate reporting needs to continue to evolve so it provides reliable, consistent, and comparable information investors – and other stakeholders – can rely on.”

 


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Indian G20 Presidency to Align Climate Action Outcomes with COP28

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The Indian G20 Presidency’s final stage will coincide with COP28, offering a unique chance to align its climate action outcomes with the COP28 agenda, according to Observer Research Foundation (ORF).

India and the UAE are prioritizing global climate action, promoting equitable green transitions, sustainable development, and inclusive growth. Consequently, India’s G20 presidency and UAE hosting COP28 are crucial for representing and elevating the Global South’s voices in global climate policy discourse.

The event will bring together global policy experts to discuss and propose solutions to issues slated for COP28 deliberations. The goal is to foster collaboration between these two forums to enhance global response to challenges preventing the swift and equitable advancement of climate action.

Thematic Pillars:

Energy Prosperity for All:
Global economies must prioritize energy equity and justice as they transition towards green and clean energy sources. The Indian G20 Presidency emphasized the need for modern, sustainable energy access, emphasizing the urgent need to address the trilemma of energy access, affordability, and sustainability.

Climate – Health – Gender Nexus:
The COP28 and India’s G20 presidency are focusing on the interplay of climate, health, and gender. Addressing climate change’s impact on vulnerable populations, especially in health outcomes and gender disparities, is crucial for effective climate action and sustainable development goals.

Climate and Technology:
Technological innovation is pivotal in tackling climate change and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, ORF noted. The G20 promotes international cooperation, investment, and policy frameworks to expedite the adoption of climate-friendly technologies. Challenges in scaling up and deploying these technologies include securing financing, ensuring accessibility, and facilitating technology transfer to developing countries. COP negotiations are vital in promoting global technology transfer, safeguarding intellectual property rights, and enhancing capacity in developing nations.

Climate Finance:
Global climate finance currently lacks sufficient investments to support emerging and developing economies in pursuing net-zero trajectories. Moreover, the distribution of climate finance exhibits biases that put emerging and developing economies at a disadvantage. Climate finance primarily originates in the country of origin, with a significant portion allocated to mitigation efforts, while adaptation funding is disproportionately limited. Resolving these inequities is crucial for achieving feasible pathways for achieving the Paris Climate Targets.


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India, Japan Boost Climate Finance for Environmental Sustainability

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India and Japan have partnered to boost climate finance to promote low-carbon emission projects and environmental sustainability

The National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) has launched a $600 million India-Japan Fund (IJF) to promote low-carbon emission projects and environmental sustainability.

The Government of India and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) are the anchor investors for the project.

India Japan Fund will focus on investing in environmental sustainability and low-carbon emission strategies. It aims to play the role of being a partner of choice to enhance Japanese investments in India.

According to a statement, the announcement marks NIIF’s first bi-lateral fund. The GoI will contribute 49% of the target corpus and the remaining 51% will be contributed by JBIC. NIIF Limited (NIIFL) will manage the funds and JBIC IG, a subsidiary of JBIC will promote Japanese investments in India.


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Sajjan Jindal suggests four measures to mitigate climate risks

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Sajjan Jindal, Chair, B20 India Task Force on Energy, Climate Change and Resource Efficiency, outlined four key measures the world must take to mitigate climate risk and also meet Net Zero targets. Outlining the four measures revolve around clean energy, climate finance, equitable distribution and circular economy, Mr Jindal called for global collaboration to meet Net Zero targets.

The four measures:

  1. Global cooperation for net zero transition: The mission to embrace clean energy is universal. This is our call for a global alliance urging nations and industries to collaborate to innovate and make the next generation of clean energy a tangible reality. And it’s not just about the clean energy, it’s about a clean future for the supply chain too.
  2. Climate finance: Capital is the lifeline of transformation. There is a need to channelize finance towards green initiatives.
  3. Equitable transition toward clean energy: Move to a green future and energy security
  4. Circular economy: Using resources efficiently and in a sustainable manner.

“We are in a race against time navigating geopolitical challenges and energy crisis and striving to uphold our commitments under the Paris Agreement,” Mr Jindal said.


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COP28

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COP28 Unveils Innovative Global Accountability and Inclusivity Program

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The two-week theme agenda for the conference has been unveiled by the UAE Presidency of COP28 and is aligned with four key goals in addition to the ongoing negotiation process and the crucial Global Stocktake response.

COP28 UAE, which is slated to take place at Expo City Dubai from November 30 to December 12, will concentrate its efforts on advancing a just, orderly and equitable energy transition; fixing climate finance; putting nature, lives and livelihoods at the heart of climate action; and mobilizing for the most inclusive COP.

The two-week thematic programme was developed in collaboration with stakeholders, including civil society, NGOs, youth, and Indigenous Peoples, to ignite action and enact policy, financial, and technological remedies. The effort included a six-week transparent consultation period where stakeholders were invited to offer suggestions on the theme domains and their arrangement. The COP Presidency made a ground-breaking decision with this strategy, being the first time such a participative endeavour has been undertaken.

Highlights

  • COP28 UAE Presidency will host critical climate talks alongside an ambitious and inclusive two-week thematic program.
  • An official program designed following COP28 President-Designate’s global listening and engagement tour and strategic vision and plan announcement at MoCA in July.
  • COP28 program to include first-ever days dedicated to Health/Relief, Recovery, Peace, and Trade and Multilevel Action/Urbanization.
  • The thematic program will run in both the Blue and Green Zones.

The event will kick off with a rousing two-day World Climate Action Summit and feature the official debut of the Global Stocktake response to world leaders. During this summit, the COP Presidency will vigorously seek pledges and guarantee accountability. The programme is further enhanced with special days that are themed and designed to address critical global concerns.

COP28 will set aside a day for discussions focused on Health, Relief, Recovery, and Peace in a first for COP conferences. Notably, one of the highlights of this theme day will be a high-level ministerial on climate health. In addition, COP28 will be the first to combine trade and finance discussions, highlighting its all-encompassing strategy. To coordinate efforts for sustainable cities that are cleaner, greener, and safer for both the present and future generations, the conference serves as a unique forum that brings together leaders from all levels of government and society.

An inclusive process that prioritizes frontline communities underpins each of the fortnight’s theme days. The conversations will focus on how finance, technology, and innovation can work together to create significant solutions.

Key themes and events:

  • November 30: COP28 UAE opens to the world at Expo City, Dubai.
  • 1-2 December: World Climate Action Summit
  • December 3: Health/Relief, Recovery, and Peace
  • December 4: Finance/Trade/Gender Equality/Accountability
  • December 5: Energy and Industry / Just Transition / Indigenous Peoples 
  • December 6: Multilevel Action, Urbanization, and Built Environment/Transport
  • December 7: Rest Day
  • December 8: Youth, Children, Education, and Skills
  • December 9: Nature, Land Use, and Oceans
  • December 10: Food, Agriculture, and Water
  • 11-12 December: Final Negotiations

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Maharashtra sets up panel to accelerate climate action

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The Maharashtra government has set up a panel to monitor implementation of the Maharashtra State Action Plan for Climate Change (MSAPCC).

The panel is a step by the Maharashtra government to accelerate its initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and meet climate goals in accordance with the Paris Agreement.

The panel will be headed by a director and experts from climate finance, climate mitigation, climate adaption and a project consultant.

The MSAPCC is a comprehensive strategy developed by the state government to study the impact of carbon footprint and mitigate climate action. The initiatives are in sync with the National Plan on Climate Change (NPCC).

It must be noted that the NPCC was introduced in 2008 under the guidance of the Prime minister’s council on climate change, to identify different strategies to promote climate change-related issues and initiate action to tackle the same.


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Global leaders emphasise the need for sustainable finance at WSDS

Sonal Desai


Global leaders at the recently concluded World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS) emphasised the need for sustainable finance to fuel green growth.

The speakers emphasised the lack of new instruments to facilitate long-term lending to fuel green growth, particularly in emerging economies and least-developed countries.

Among the speakers, here’s a round-up of what six key global leaders said at the summit.

“Though renewable energy has received adequate funding, areas such as climate adaptation, sustainable consumption and production, biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and pollution abatement have not received the necessary funding”: Dr Vibha Dhawan, Director General, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

“Finance is central to combating climate change. The central question here is whether we can transform the global financial system to meet today’s challenges in ways that promote low-carbon, resilient growth”: Manish Bapna, President Natural Resources Defence Council, India

“ADB is currently developing innovative financing models to facilitate the transition to clean energy by financing the retirement of coal-fired power plants and repurposing them to provide renewable energy and grid services, as well as lending to countries to develop climate change policies”: Dr Pradeep Tharakan, Regional Advisor, South Asia, Asian Development Bank (ADB)

“Facilitating climate finance and diversifying the fiscal base to support green growth should lead the priorities list. Capacity building should be prioritised to achieve the necessary transformational change. Both national and sub-national finance ministries must boost their capacity with tools like green budgeting and carbon tax and pricing”: Helen Clarkson, CEO, The Climate Group

“We need three things: a vision of what we want to do, an inter-institutional framework to do what we want to do and leadership”: Laszlo Broberly, state counsellor to the prime minster of Romania

“Our recommendations on climate finance would be to expand the scope of climate finance and make climate smart transition of the financial sector overall,” according to the Green Development Pact. Also, rather than improving the resilience of existing infrastructure, let us build infrastructure that improves our resilience”: Jagjeet Singh Sareen, Principal, Dalberg Advisors

Source: ANI Press Release


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