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Can India Scale to Meet to its RE Targets?

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CEEW, the independent think tank has raised some eye-opening questions regarding India’s RE target achievements. As per them, scaling India’s renewables beyond 1,500 GW will face considerable land, water, population, and climate challenges.

It is assessed that India has a renewable energy (RE) potential of over 24,000 GW.

India currently has an installed RE capacity of 150 GW, and up to 1,500 GW, the constraints are relatively manageable. But reaching the ~7,000 GW required to achieve net zero emissions by 2070 will require a holistic approach.

Challenges such as land access, climate risks, land conflicts, population density, and other multiple constraints could intensify. This could narrow the runway to reach the net zero target.

These are the findings of a new study by the Council on Energy, Environment, and Water (CEEW). The study is titled, ‘Unlocking India’s RE and Green Hydrogen Potential: An Assessment of Land, Water, and Climate Nexus.’

According to the study, renewable energy including solar, wind, and green hydrogen, is crucial to realise India’s climate goals. However scaling up these technologies will require strategic land use, improved water management, and resilient power grid infrastructure.

Some challenges:

A considerable portion of India’s RE potential is in high-climate-risk and high-land-price areas—only 18 percent of onshore wind potential and 22 percent of solar potential are located in areas with low climate risks and low land prices, when looked at in isolation.

However, the challenges to realizing this potential increase when other constraints such as population density, land conflicts and seasonality of solar power are factored in.

  • Population density: Only 29 percent of onshore wind potential and 27 percent of solar potential in areas with a population density lower than 250 people/km2.
  • Land conflicts: About 35 percent of onshore wind potential and 41 percent of solar potential located in areas free from historical land conflicts.

However, earthquakes are less of a concern, as 83 percent of onshore wind and 77 percent of solar potential are located in low to moderate seismic zones.

States with high unconstrained RE potential:

As per the CEEW study:

  1. Rajasthan (6,464 GW), Madhya Pradesh (2,978 GW), Maharashtra (2,409 GW) and Ladakh (625 GW) have significant low-cost solar potential
  2. Karnataka (293 GW), Gujarat (212 GW), and Maharashtra (184 GW) offer considerable wind potential.
  3. Odisha and Madhya Pradesh, with high RE potential backed by land banks and infrastructure to evacuate renewable power and manage seasonality, could emerge as key players in meeting India’s renewable energy ambitions in the coming decades.
Green hydrogen push:

CEEW opines that green hydrogen could play a significant role in India’s clean energy transition.

The study estimates that the country could produce around 40 MTPA at a cost lower than $3.5/kg. Water availability and management impact the cost of green hydrogen projects.

This cost is expected to decrease further with advancements in electrolyzer technology and more efficient RE systems.

Low-cost green hydrogen could be produced in western and southern India, with Gujarat leading the production with an estimated potential of 8.8 MTPA at less than $3.5/kg, followed by Karnataka and Maharashtra with 5 MTPA each.

CEEW states:

Dr Arunabha Ghosh, CEO, CEEW, said, “India stands at a pivotal juncture in its energy transition. It has set out to do the near impossible: provide energy access to millions of people, clean up one of the world’s largest energy systems, and become a green industrial powerhouse. While our RE potential is vast, the road to net zero is fraught with challenges. From land conflicts and population density to the unpredictable but undeniable impact of climate change, every step forward will demand resilience and innovation.”

According to her, the scale of the task ahead is monumental. “Yet it is precisely this challenge that will define India’s legacy as a trailblazer for the Global South—a country that charts a low carbon pathway to prosperity against all odds.”

Hemant Mallya, Fellow, CEEW, said, “Land and water are critical resources for scaling up RE and green hydrogen in India. Prevention of desertification and innovative solutions to address land availability, such as agro-voltaics in horticulture and rooftop solar in dense Indian cities, will be essential. Moreover, as RE projects move into areas with higher climate risks, insurance companies could increasingly hesitate to provide coverage. Involving all stakeholders in the early stage of renewable project development and addressing climate risks will help ensure projects are commercially viable in the long run.”

Key takeaways:

The CEEW study recommends a comprehensive approach that includes all stakeholders to ensure that India’s ambitious RE and green hydrogen targets are met sustainably and equitably. The steps include:

  • Validating potential using higher-quality data and on-ground assessments is crucial, as current data may not fully reflect real conditions.
  • States should establish graded land banks that consider RE quality, water availability, and proximity to infrastructure to ensure rapid project development.
  • Evaluating and enhancing grid infrastructure resilience, particularly in regions with high RE seasonality, to support large-scale deployment.
  • Revising water management policies to prioritize energy production and assessing the need for surface water storage will be vital to sustaining green hydrogen production and mitigating resource challenges.

Link to the  report

 

 


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Sustainability Programs Not Integrated in 1/3rd Companies: Report

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Despite sustainability becoming a crucial aspect of corporate policies, less than a third of companies have fully integrated programs into their organizations.

A new report by The Conference Board reveals that less than a third of companies have fully integrated sustainability programs throughout their organizations.

The report offers CSOs and C-suite leaders insights on navigating transformations-related organizational challenges.

The findings come from a survey of more than 100 sustainability leaders at predominantly large US companies.

According to the survey, the largest challenge facing CSOs is “organizing to execute the strategy,” which can only be completed with the full support of the CEO and other members of the C-suite.

The most successful teams have CSOs who have been there longer and answer directly to the CEO or other C-suite executives. As per the survey, CSOs collaborating with sustainability-steering committees also frequently have greater success in their positions.

During interviews, the sustainability executives reported that:

• Their organizations have fully implemented sustainability programs (48%)
• 21% are in the early stage of their sustainability journey
• Organizing and implementing strategy is number-one challenge for 60% sustainability executives (SEs) at large US companies
• Other challenges include embedding it into the corporate culture and communicating their story to multiple constituencies.

The report offers insights into the evolving roles of the SEs, their organization’s programs, and the effectiveness of their teams and steering committees.

It also highlights the growing workload of the SEs.

• 87% of SEs expect their responsibilities to increase in the next 3-5 years.
• Most companies have recently appointed a CSO or equivalent for less than five years.
• 64% of respondents foresee an increase in the number of full-time employees working on sustainability across their organization in the next 3-5 years.

It is anticipated that in the next three to five years, the range of CSO responsibilities will expand due to the growing number of regulations pertaining to sustainability as well as the pressure from stakeholders, customers, and investors to address issues like climate change, water scarcity, and human rights.

“Without a doubt, as more businesses realize the long-term benefits of concentrating on the benefits of sustainability for the business and society, the role of the CSO is becoming more and more important,” said Nathalie Risse, Senior Researcher, ESG Centre, The Conference Board.


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